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Ignacije Szentmartony (October 28, 1718 – April 15, 1793) was a Croatian Jesuit priest, missionary, mathematician, astronomer and explorer. ==Biography== Szentmartony was born in Kotoriba〔 (Međimurje), to a Croat mother and a Hungarian father. After graduating from secondary school he entered the order of Jesuits in Vienna in 1735. He studied in Vienna and Graz, (Austria) where he also lectured mathematics.〔 By the year 1751, he was in Lisbon, Portugal where he obtained the title of royal mathematician and astronomer. With those credentials, he became a member of an expedition that worked on the rearrangement of the frontiers among Portuguese and Spanish colonies in South America. In 1753, he sailed for Brazil into the very mouth of the Amazon River. Based on his surveys, Lorenz Kaulen made in 1753 a map of Maranhão district titled ''Mappa Viceprovinciae Societatis Iesu Maragnonii anno MDCCLIII concinnata''. Its original is in ''Biblioteca de Évora'' in Portugal. Another map, ''Mapa da Ilha do Maranhão'', made in 1757 again based upon Szentmartony's surveys, is also kept here. From 1754–1756 Szentmartony took part in expeditions to the Amazon and the Rio Negro. Upon the data obtained from his systematical astronomical surveys, in 1755 engineers Schwebel and Sturm made a regional map titled ''Mappa Geographico dos Rios''. It was a first-rate cartographic representation of the riverbed containing data relating to islets, tributaries and settlements.〔 Based on that map Miguel Vieira Perreira made a copy in 1862 which was first published in 1963 in Rio de Janeiro. He complained vigorously about the inhumane treatment of the native people by the colonizers, so his expedition came under scrutiny and failed. Szentmartony remained as a missionary in the settlement of Ibyrajuba near Pará. In 1760 he was deported with other persecuted Jesuits, put in prison and released in 1777 upon the intervention of the Empress Maria Theresa.〔 He returned to Croatia in 1780.〔 Before that, in 1773 his religious order was cancelled.〔 He was a priest in Belica and died in Čakovec in 1793.〔 He is also believed to be the author of ''Einleitung zur kroatischen Sprachlehre für Teutschen'', the first Kajkavian grammar, published in 1783 in Varaždin.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ignacije Szentmartony」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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